Everyone knows a pregnant woman shouldn’t drink, smoke, sniff glue, or take part in any number of colorful habits that can damage a fetus. But nobody talks about what Daddy contributes to the genetic pot, says a well-researched piece in Miller-McCune magazine, which surveys the many studies that show how various substances damage sperm and wonder: “Why don’t more people know about this?”
The meat of “The Bad Daddy Factor”: “Scientists also showed that it didn’t require industrial-strength chemicals to wreak havoc on men’s sperm. Smokers seemed to produce sperm with the wrong number of chromosomes, a DNA error that could lead to miscarriages or Down syndrome. (A stunning 2008 paper revealed that men with deficiencies in folate, that superstar maternal vitamin, had the same problem.) Paternal smoking has also been linked to childhood cancer, and even alcohol and caffeine can cause sperm abnormalities that derail child development.
We now know that what started as an inconceivable mystery — how could men’s environments and lifestyles possibly affect the children they would later father? — has not just one but several answers. Certain substances interfere with the earliest phase of sperm production in the testes, prompting errors in cell division that lead to genetic mutations in immature sperm cells. Chemicals can also cause what are known as epigenetic mutations, which don’t change the DNA sequence itself but alter how the body reads these genetic instructions. Essentially, an epigenetic change involves turning certain genes on or off, telling the body to pay more or less attention to the code they contain. (If genetic changes are akin to changing the lyrics of a song, epigenetic changes are like fiddling with the volume.)
Drugs can also interfere with sperm transport. A 2009 study revealed that a standard dose of paroxetine — the active drug in the antidepressant marketed as Paxil — causes a fivefold increase in the number of men who show evidence of “sperm fragmentation,” which can increase the chances of miscarriage. Researchers have known that certain antidepressants can influence ejaculatory response; it turns out that they seem to slow the transportation of sperm through the male reproductive system, causing the cells to age prematurely. ‘Sperm are being damaged because they’re not traveling properly through the body,’ says Peter Schlegel, who led the study and is a urologist at New York’s Weill Cornell Medical College.”
Shhh! Do you hear that? It’s the sound of a bunch of moms-to-be demanding their husbands quit smoking.





